Is it scientific and comprehensive to use magnets to identify the material of stainless steel kitchenware?

What is stainless steel? 　　 stainless steel refers to steel that is resistant to weak corrosive media such as air, steam, and water, and chemically corrosive media such as acid, alkali, and salt (also known as stainless acid-resistant steel in the industry). The rust resistance and corrosion resistance of stainless steel are due to the formation of a chromium-rich oxide film (passivation film) on its surface. This kind of rust resistance and corrosion resistance are relative. All stainless steel must contain more than 12% chromium, otherwise it cannot be called stainless steel. At present, most of the stainless steel products on the market do not explain the content of nickel and chromium. How should consumers identify high-quality and low-quality stainless steel products? This method of identification is not scientific and comprehensive! At present, there are five major categories developed and applied in the world. Among stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, such as 304, 321, 316, 310, etc., are generally non-magnetic; and martensitic or ferrite types: such as 430, 420, 410, etc., or ferrite is magnetic . However, due to the fluctuation of chemical composition caused by smelting and the processing of 304 stainless steel through stamping and polishing, the structure will also transform to martensite, and with weak magnetism, the magnet can be attracted, and the greater the degree of processing deformation, the Martensite The more body transformation, the greater the magnetic properties of steel. Therefore, it is obviously unscientific to judge whether it is 304 stainless steel by whether the magnet can hold it.　　　 often see some sales that sell pull bars, in order to sell magnets to everyone, stainless steel is not attracted, otherwise it is iron. In our daily lives, we often hear words such as 'strengthening iron into steel' and 'hating iron cannot make steel'.　　 So what is the difference between iron and steel? This is the case. The difference between iron and steel lies in the carbon content. Iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content of less than 2% are steel, and those with a carbon content of more than 2% are called iron. For stainless steel, whether the magnet can be attracted or not, as long as it meets the quality standard, it is stainless steel.　　 First of all, why doesn't stainless steel rust? Its main element of corrosion resistance is chromium. Steel with a chromium content of more than 11% will not rust. Chromium (ge, four tones): The hardest metal in the world, chromium is plated on the metal to prevent rust. Contains chromium, so stainless steel is stainless steel. But there is nothing to do with chromium and stainless steel not being attracted.　　Secondly, why isn't stainless steel being absorbed? Nickel (nie four beeps): Nickel has very little reserves in the world, and the price is relatively expensive. Therefore, the price of stainless steel with high nickel content is also higher in the market, and the magnet is not attracted. We call this kind of steel austenitic steel.　　 Actually, there is another kind of stainless steel magnet that cannot be attracted. That is stainless steel with high manganese content and less nickel or no nickel. But this steel will be much cheaper than austenitic steel. Except for these two types of stainless steel, the other stainless steels are attracted by magnets. Because of the low thermal conductivity of austenitic stainless steel, it is inappropriate to use it as a kettle, wok, and rice cooker. It will waste energy and prolong the time of boiling water for cooking. Using ferritic stainless steel to make woks and rice pots not only has excellent corrosion resistance, but also its thermal conductivity is nearly half higher than that of austenitic stainless steel. But this kind of stainless steel is sucked, you can go back and try it.　　In this way, we can conclude that there are many types of stainless steel, but only two are not attracted by magnets. One is austenitic stainless steel that is mostly used for decorative materials, and the other is stainless steel with high manganese content. Other stainless steels such as the largest category of ferrite and martensite are attracted by the magnet.　　 Therefore, the method of using magnetite to identify stainless steel is unscientific and comprehensive! 　　Related knowledge extension　　What is 304? 　　304 stainless steel is a common stainless steel, also called 18/8 stainless steel in the industry. Its corrosion resistance is better than 430 stainless steel, but the price is cheaper than 316 stainless steel, so it is widely used in life, such as some high-end stainless steel kitchenware, outdoor railings, etc.　　 Although this type of stainless steel is very common in China, the name '304 stainless steel' comes from the United States. Many people think that 304 stainless steel is a type designation in Japan, but strictly speaking, the official name of 304 stainless steel in Japan is 'SUS304'. At present, 18/10 is the most standard stainless steel with chromium and nickel content in the world. It has good stainless performance, good acid and alkali resistance, good corrosion resistance, moderate softness and hardness. It will not be said that it is too hard and easy to break, too soft and easy to deform, so 18 /10 stainless steel is a better stainless steel.
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